Background: The main drawbacks of zirconia are its high refractive index and opacity. This study aimed to assess the effect of Sintering Temperature on the translucency of Ivoclar e. max ZirCAD (IEZ), and White Peaks Symphony (WPS) zirconia blocks. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro experimental study, 30 IEZ and 30 WPS zirconia blocks measuring 10 mm × 10 mm × 1 mm were prepared and underwent Sintering in three subgroups at 1440°, C, 1500°, C, and 1530°, C. The specimens were then photographed against a black and a white background with a standard digital camera. The L*, a*, and b* color parameters were measured using Adobe Photoshop software, and translucency was calculated. Data were analyzed using one‑, way ANOVA and Tukey’, s test (P < 0. 05). Results: In both the IEZ and WPS groups, the maximum and minimum translucency parameters were recorded in 1530°, C and 1440°, C subgroups, respectively. The difference in the mean translucency was significant among the three subgroups of each zirconia group (P < 0. 001). The mean translucency of WPS zirconia was significantly higher than that of IEZ zirconia (P < 0. 01), and maximum difference was noted at 1500°, C Sintering Temperature. Conclusion: Increasing the Sintering Temperature from 1440°, C to 1530°, C can significantly increase the translucency of IEZ and WPS zirconia blocks, and can be considered to improve the quality of zirconia restorations.

Study of the microstructure of silicon carbide (SiC) membrane as a function of Sintering Temperature and the percentage amount of additive kaolin is the outcome of the experimental fabrications presented in this paper. The SEM micrographs are used to investigate the impact of above parameters on the porosity of membrane. The experimental results show that the rise in the Temperature causes more Sintering of powder particles, growing granules, augmentation of the number of pores and consequently increasing the total porosity of membrane. Using XRD analyses, it is found that SiC amorphous phase is highly sensitive to the Temperature and its crystallization physically grows with Temperature increase.

Objectives: Any change in the Sintering process can directly affect the microstructure and properties of zirconia. This study sought to assess the effect of Sintering Temperature on flexural strength of IPS e. max ZirCAD MO Ivoclar (EZI) and CopraSmile White Peaks Symphony (WPS) zirconia blocks. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro, experimental study, 30 EZI and 30 WPS zirconia blocks measuring 10 x 10 x 1 mm were milled and sintered at 1440, 1500 and 1530°, C in three subgroups. The flexural strength of the specimens was measured by a testing machine with piston-on-3-ball method according to ISO2015. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Results: The mean flexural strength was 1. 31±, 0. 49, 1. 09±, 0. 24 and 1. 29±, 0. 48 MPa in 1440, 1500, and 1530°, C subgroups of EZI, and 1. 44±, 0. 61, 1. 18±, 0. 35, and 1. 33±, 0. 54 MPa in 1440, 1500, and 1530°, C subgroups of WPS zirconia, respectively. Two-way ANOVA revealed that the effects of zirconia type (P=0. 484), Temperature (P=0. 258) and their interaction (P=0. 957) on flexural strength were not significant. Conclusion: Increasing the Sintering Temperature from 1440°, C to 1530°, C did not increase the flexural strength of EZI or WPS zirconia.

Microwave Sintering has emerged as a promising technique for the fabrication of Ti-based alloys, offering unique advantages over conventional Sintering methods. The selective and volumetric heating capabilities of microwaves can result in rapid densification, microstructural refinement, and enhanced properties in Ti-Cu alloy systems. Therefore, this study aimed to synthesize an intermetallic alloy of Ti-50 at. % Cu through high-energy mechanical milling and a microwave-assisted Sintering method. The objective was to expedite the Sintering process of the Ti-Cu alloy using microwave assistance and analyze how this method influences the phases formed and the properties of the alloy. A Ti-50 at. % Cu powder mixture was milled for 30 hours under an argon atmosphere, then uniaxially compacted to form green samples, which were subsequently sintered by microwave heating. This method allowed for rapid consolidation without significant grain growth within a short Sintering period. The effects of the Sintering method and Temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties were studied. The density of the sintered samples increased with rising Temperatures, with the highest density of 6.54 g/cm³ obtained at 900°C. Microstructural examination revealed that the Ti3Cu4 and TiCu phases primarily formed, with an average grain size of approximately 28 nm. A high micro-hardness of ~880 HV was achieved for the dense alloy prepared using this method.

Mg-Cu-Zn ferrite was prepared through a wet synthetic method by a self-combustion reaction directly from a citrate precursor. The as-synthesized powders were sintered at 750 °C for only 2 h. XRD patterns and FTIR spectra confirm the formation of single phase Mg-Cu-Zn ferrite after combustion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that Mg-Cu-Zn ferrite is sintered at such a low Temperature. The Sintering process increased the crystallinity of the solid and the domain sizes.      

In this research, the thermal analysis of additive fabrication by DMLS method has been investigated. In the DMLS method, the metal powder is melted by a laser heat source and finally a solid t hree dimensional piece is formed This analysis was performed by finite element method in Abaqus software. L aser heat distribution is considered Gaussian. T he mechanical and thermal properties of the powder are considered as a function of melting Temperature. Finally, the results obtaine d by the finite element method are compared with previous re searches. The effects of laser speed and power on Temperature distribution have also been investigated.

Statement of the Problem: Increasing the Sintering Temperature is suggested by some man-ufacturers as a way to enhance the translucency of monolithic zirconia crowns. Meanwhile, its effect on the marginal fit and compressive strength of the restoration is not fully under-stood. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Sintering Temperature on the marginal fit and compressive strength of monolithic zirconia crowns. Materials and Method: In this in vitro study, thirty crowns of pre-sintered monolithic zir-conia were milled and sintered in a special furnace at either 1450°, C or 1550°, C (n=15 per group). The marginal gaps were measured at 18 spots on the dies with a digital microscope. To evaluate the compressive strength, the specimens were cemented on brass dies by using conventional glass ionomer cement. Vertical load was applied by a universal testing ma-chine until fracture. One-way ANOVA test was used to analyze the results (α, =0. 05). Results: The marginal gap was not significantly different between the two groups (p= 0. 062). A significantly higher mean value of compressive strength was observed in crowns sintered at 1550°, c (1988. 27±, 635. 09 N) than those sintered at 1450 °, c (1514. 27±, 455. 11 N) (p= 0. 026). Conclusion: Although increasing the Sintering Temperature would not affect the marginal gap of monolithic zirconia crowns, it could significantly improve the compressive strength of zirconia restorations.